Impact Condition Fatherless on Child Psychological Development

Abstract

The phenomenon of fatherlessness refers to the absence of the father's role in a child's life, either physically or psychologically, which has become increasingly prevalent in modern families, including in Indonesia. The absence of a father's role may lead to various negative impacts on children's psychological development and personality formation. This study aims to examine the impact of fatherlessness on children's personality development from the perspective of developmental psychology and Islamic teachings. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method based on library research. Data were collected from reference books, scientific journal articles, and previous studies related to fatherlessness and paternal involvement in child-rearing. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques. The findings indicate that fatherlessness contributes to low self-esteem, emotional and social development problems, and declining academic achievement in children. From an Islamic perspective, the father plays a crucial role as a leader and educator within the family; Therefore, balanced involvement of both parents is essential in fostering healthy psychological, social, and spiritual development in children.